Your public servants include all oath-bound officers of the law. Most frontline police perform two distinct roles.
Peace officer
As peace officers they uphold the law, discharging impartial duties under oath according to law—the de jure Common Law jurisdiction, the Law of the Land. They swear to keep the peace and protect people and property from harm. They are protected by a public bond (limited liability) and hold Common Law (constitutional) powers delegated by the People.
Policy officer
As policy officers they enforce statutes—legal terms and penalties of commercial contracts—in de facto Admiralty/Maritime jurisdiction, the Law of the Sea. They do not swear an oath to enforce statutes in commerce and are not protected by that public bond for commercial conduct; they carry full commercial liability. Corporate powers are contractual and subject to consent.
Peace officer
Constabulary powers · Constitutional · Keep the peace · Common Law
Policy officer
Corporate powers · Contractual · Enforce codes · Consent required
Revenue collection for YOURNATION (INC.) under maritime commercial rules is not the sworn duty of a peace officer/constable. An officer running legal-fiction commerce for the debt-money system acts as a private mercenary abandoning the oath.
Officers enforcing statutes in legal-fiction commerce have no jurisdiction over a living man or woman without that person’s consent. Presentments are a “service” offered by consent—policing by consent is openly described by many forces.
Without a victim, they cannot stop, question, detain, arrest, search, or charge you without consent. Administrative courts cannot fine or imprison without consent either. But if you “understand” (stand under), agree to anything, or volunteer the artificial legal person NAME, you are consenting.
Two basic encounters
- Consensual — you are free to leave at any time.
- Detention / seizure / arrest — held by assertion of authority or physical restraint against your will.
In detention, a peace officer/constable must have probable cause or reasonable suspicion that you are committing or about to commit a crime against a victim. The accuser bears the burden. A policy officer must also establish that you act in joinder to a state-created NAME and that your consent is informed and voluntary.
| Policy Officer “Police Officer” |
Peace Officer “Constable” |
|---|---|
| Admiralty maritimeCommercial jurisdiction | Common LawPeople’s jurisdiction |
| “Law of the Sea”Incorporated office | “Law of the Land”Non-incorporated office |
| “Corporate powers”Contractual, subject to consent | “Constabulary powers”Constitutional, delegated by the People |
| Private contractorNo public oath bond for commercial acts | Public servantWith public oath of office and bond |
| Full commercial liability | Limited liability (public bond) |
| Law enforcement officerRevenue, commerce, statutory contracts | Peace officer / constableKeep the peace, uphold justice |
| Needs joinder to a PERSONConsent to artificial role | Needs victim of a crimeProbable cause / reasonable suspicion |
| De facto — “in practice” | De jure — “in law” |
Two roles often worn by the same uniform — jurisdiction depends on which role is active
Related: Public Servants, Rebut the Presumption, Driving Is Commerce.